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Shell Commands
Friday, 24 September 2004
Simple Shell commands for Informational purposes

    Informational
    crontab –l

    to list the system conjobs


    cat [opts] [filepattern] •Print file contents on STOUT
    -E :Display a $ at the end of each line.
    -T :Show tabs as ^I.
    -v :Show non-printing characters.


    date [opts] •Print or set the system date and time
    --date=STRING :display time described by STRING.
    --set=STRING :set time described by STRING.


    dmesg [opts] •Print or control the kernel ring buffer
    -c :Clear the contents of the ring buffer.


    file [opts] [filepattern] •Determine the file type
    -z :Try to look inside compressed files.


    finger [opts] [userpattern] •Show info about system users
    -m :Match the exact username specified.


    free [opts] •Display free and used memory in the system
    -b :Display the information in bytes.


    hexdump [opts] •Show all the characters of a file
    -c :Display the input offset in hexidecimal


    last [opts] [username] •Show last system logins for users
    -num :Show last num of sessions.
    -a :Display the hostname in the last column.
    -d :Translates IP numbers to their hostname.
    -f
    :Use file as last log.


    less [opts] [filepattern] •View a file a page at a time
    -i :Do case insensitive searching.
    -S :Don’t wrap long lines.


    man [opts] [section] •View online manual pages.
    -a :View all available manual pages for name.
    -k string :Search for the specified string.


    md5sum [opts] [filepattern] •Show the uniqueness of files


    ps [opts] •Show what processes are running on the system
    a :Select all processes on a terminal.
    u :Display user oriented format. More columns.
    x :Select processes without a controlling TTY.
    w :Show an extra line of process entry per w.
    Ex: ps auxwww =Displays all process information on system.


    quota [opts] [user] •Display disk usage and limits
    -v :Display filesystems where no quota is set.


    time [opts] [command] •Show resource usage for a command


    top [opts] •Display top CPU processes every X seconds
    -d sec :Set the delay to sec seconds before refreshing.


    umask [opts] [mode] •Set the default file permissions
    -S :Show current symbolic umask.


    uname [opts] • Show OS and system information
    -a :Show everything


    uptime • Show system uptime and load


    w [opts] [user] • Show who is logged in/what they are doing
    whereis [command] • Locate the related files for a command
    which [command] • Show full path to the specified command
    who [opts] [args] • Show who is logged in
    • Check your ps output and see what it is running:
    ps axf

    Harware info stuff :

    Information regarding partitions :
    just use shell and type df which will give you the allocated space for all your partitions !

    cat /proc/cpuinfo ----List info about CPU.

    and additional info!
    /sbin/lspci ---- list all PCI devices (result of probe) Also lspci -vvx and cat /proc/pci
    cat /proc/interrupts ----List IRQ's used by system.
    cat /proc/ioports ----List I/O ports used by system.
    cat /proc/dma ----List DMA channels and device used by system.






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