Who invented Unix? 
Unix was created in 1969 by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories. Unix, as we know it today, actually began as an exercise to port a game called “Space Travel” onto a PDP-7 computer. The lack of required functionality required the authors to create floating-point arithmetic routines, an assembler, and even a file system. The “Space Travel” effort therefore evolved into the creation of a self-sustaining operating system with a local file system, on a computer that could previously only load software from a paper tape.

What is Linux? 
Linux is a complete operating system that is similar but not identical to Unix. It runs on a wide variety of hardware, ranging from Intel and AMD CPUs to more exotic hardware such as Digital Alpha computers, PowerPCs, and Silicon Graphics workstations. Probably the most unique characteristic of Linux is that it is freely distributable. Freely distributable means that the source code for the kernel and most software cannot be withheld. It does not mean that companies cannot charge for it. By means of comparison, hosting a website on Unix or Linux is nearly identical.

Who invented Linux? 
A young student, named Linus Torvalds, from the University of Helsinki in Finland, created Linux in 1991. Since it’s inception, Linux has been developed by thousands of developers from all over the world. Developed under the GNU General Public License, the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone, making it an attractive alternative to the pricey Windows platform.

Do I have to purchase licensing fees to operate my site on Unix? 
A majority of the software written for Unix and Linux is developed under the same GNU General Public License as the operating systems. What this means, is that it is fairly simple to locate and install the software you need with minimal, if any, out of pocket expense. Compared to the Windows platform, this is a big plus for the Unix and Linux markets.

What is Apache, and what can it do for me? 
Apache is the name of the software that allows you to run a web service on a Unix server. Apache is very popular and provides access to most web sites on the Internet.

Why should I choose to host my website on a Unix-based machine? 
Unix has a proven track record of performance, stability and security. It has been in a state of constant refinement since its inception 30 years ago, and is based on open standards, allowing easy access to operating system features and applications. Unix is, by default, text-based and does not use a graphical user interface (GUI), which means it can dedicate the full power of the server to your web site.

What scripting languages are available for Unix? 
There are many options available when it comes to writing CGI scripts on a Unix machine. The most common at the time of this writing are PHP and PERL. There are many introductions, tutorials, and even sample scripts available on the Internet when it comes to PHP and PERL.

What databases are available for my Unix website? 
That depends mostly on the web hosting provider you select to host your website. There are many flavors of databases that run on Unix, but the most prevalent among web host providers are mSQL, MySQL., and PostgreSQL. These databases are all relational in nature, and allow highly optimized communication with your website for quick retrieval of information.

Is it more or less expensive to host my site on a Unix or a Windows platform? 
That depends on what you mean by “hosting your site”. If you plan to host the site yourself, and you own the web servers or the software on them, then Unix (or Linux) would definitely be a less expensive option. If you plan to sign up with a web hosting company, and they own the servers and the software installed on them, you will find that there are excellent hosting options available for each platform at very comparable prices.

How does Unix hosting compare to Windows hosting? 
Here is a short comparison of key features, and which are available for the Unix and Windows platforms.

Glossary of terms:

Apache
Web Server software freely available for both Unix and Linux.

CGI
Common Gateway Interface. In Layman’s terms, a CGI program is a program that can be executed as part of a web server process.

Cold Fusion
Special software package that simplifies the creation of database driven web sites.

GNU General Public License
An agreement by the author of certain software to offer his or her software for free, and to abide by the stipulations of copyleft. Specifically, the copyleft philosophy stipulates that anyone redistributing free software must also pass along the freedom to further copy and change the program, thereby ensuring that no one can claim ownership of future versions and place restrictions on users.

Kernel
The kernel is the essential center of a computer operating system, the core that provides basic services for all other parts of the operating system.

PERL
Perl is a script programming language that is similar in syntax to the C language and that includes a number of popular Unix facilities.

PHP
In Web programming, PHP is a script language and interpreter that is freely available and used primarily on Linux Web servers.

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